ISC Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26: Chapter-wise Weightage, Exam Pattern & Free PDF

For thousands of Indian students, Class 12 maths is not just another subject – it’s the first real step towards big competitive exams and future government jobs like SSC, Banking, Railways, Defence, Teaching, and many more.

If you are in Class 12 today, you might be dreaming of:

• A stable government job
• Clearing SSC CGL/CHSL, Railway exams, Bank PO/Clerk, Defence exams, or even future teaching exams
• Building a strong base for engineering, statistics, data science, or economics

The ISC Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26 is designed in such a way that it gives you:

• Strong conceptual clarity
• Real-life applications in commerce, economics and statistics
• The exact kind of logical and numerical ability needed later in competitive exams

Treat this syllabus as your training ground – if you master it now, your journey towards a government job becomes much smoother later. 💪

Complete Overview of ISC Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26

There will be two papers:

• Paper I – Theory (3 hours): 80 marks
• Paper II – Project Work: 20 marks

The theory paper is divided into three sections:

• Section A (65 Marks) – Compulsory for all
• Section B (15 Marks) – Optional
• Section C (15 Marks) – Optional

You must attempt Section A, and then either Section B or Section C (not both).

Section-wise Unit and Marks Distribution

Section A – 65 Marks (Compulsory)

1. Relations and Functions – 10 marks
2. Algebra – 10 marks
3. Calculus – 32 marks
4. Probability – 13 marks

Section B – 15 Marks (Optional)

5. Vectors – 5 marks
6. Three-Dimensional Geometry – 6 marks
7. Applications of Integrals – 4 marks

OR Section C – 15 Marks (Optional)

8. Application of Calculus – 5 marks
9. Linear Regression – 6 marks
10. Linear Programming – 4 marks

Total in theory: 80 marks, plus 20 marks project work.

Detailed Chapter-wise ISC Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26

1. Relations and Functions

• Types of Relations:
  • Reflexive, symmetric, transitive, equivalence relations
• Functions:
  • One-to-one (injective) and onto (surjective) functions
  • Inverse of a function
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
  • Definition, domain and range
  • Principal value branches
  • Basic properties and simple problems

👉 Very useful later for logical reasoning and functional questions in competitive exams.

2. Matrices and Determinants

Matrices

• Concept, notation, order and equality of matrices
• Types of matrices:
  • Zero, identity, symmetric, skew-symmetric, etc.
• Operations on matrices:
  • Addition, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication
  • Properties of these operations
  • Non-commutativity of matrix multiplication
  • Existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (up to 3×3)
• Invertible matrices:
  • Concept of inverse
  • Uniqueness of inverse (if it exists)

Determinants

• Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3×3)
• Properties of determinants
• Minors, cofactors
• Application in finding area of a triangle
• Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix
• System of linear equations:
  • Consistency and inconsistency
  • Solving systems (2 or 3 variables) using matrix inverse (unique solution cases)

👉 Matrix and determinant concepts often act as a strong base for data interpretation, linear equations and quantitative aptitude in future exams.

3. Calculus

This is the heart of the syllabus, carrying 32 marks – and also the backbone for higher studies and many aptitude tests.

(a) Continuity and Differentiability

• Continuity and differentiability of functions
• Derivative of composite functions (chain rule)
• Derivatives of:
  • Inverse trigonometric functions
  • Implicit functions
  • Exponential and logarithmic functions
• Logarithmic differentiation
• Derivatives of functions given in parametric form
• Second order derivatives

(b) Applications of Derivatives

• Rate of change of quantities
• Increasing and decreasing functions
• Tangents and normals
• Maxima and minima:
  • First derivative test (geometrical motivation)
  • Second derivative test (formal tool)
• Simple real-life problems involving optimization

(c) Integrals

• Integration as the inverse process of differentiation
• Methods of integration:
  • Substitution
  • Partial fractions
  • Integration by parts
• Evaluation of standard integrals and related problems
• Definite integrals:
  • Basic properties
  • Evaluation using Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

(d) Differential Equations

• Definition of differential equation
• Order and degree
• General and particular solutions
• Method of separation of variables
• Homogeneous differential equations of first order and first degree
• Linear differential equations:
  • Form: dy/dx + p(x)y = q(x)
  • Form: dx/dy + p(y)x = q(y)

👉 Calculus makes you comfortable with rates, growth, decay, optimization – all crucial for higher studies in science, commerce, economics and even some government exam syllabi.

4. Probability

• Conditional probability
• Multiplication theorem on probability
• Independent events
• Total probability theorem
• Bayes’ theorem
• Random variables and their probability distributions
• Mean (expectation) of a random variable

👉 Directly helpful later for data interpretation, risk, statistics and probability-based questions in competitive exams.

5. Vectors (Section B)

• Scalars and vectors, magnitude and direction
• Direction cosines and direction ratios
• Types of vectors:
  • Equal, unit, zero, parallel, collinear
• Position vector of a point
• Negative of a vector, components of a vector
• Operations on vectors:
  • Addition
  • Scalar multiplication
• Position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio
• Scalar (dot) product: definition, properties, applications
• Vector (cross) product: definition, properties, applications

6. Three-Dimensional Geometry (Section B)

• Direction cosines and direction ratios of line joining two points
• Cartesian and vector equation of a line
• Coplanar and skew lines
• Shortest distance between two lines
• Cartesian and vector equation of a plane
• Angle between:
  • Two lines
  • Two planes
  • A line and a plane
• Distance of a point from a plane

7. Applications of Integrals (Section B)

• Finding area bounded by simple curves and coordinate axes
• Area enclosed between two curves

👉 This sharpens your visual and analytical thinking – very useful for geometry and graph-based questions later.

8. Application of Calculus in Commerce and Economics (Section C)

• Cost function, average cost, marginal cost and their interpretation
• Demand function
• Revenue function and marginal revenue
• Profit function and break-even point
• Sketching curves of:
  • Average Revenue (AR)
  • Marginal Revenue (MR)
  • Revenue (R)
  • Cost (C)
  • Average Cost (AC)
  • Marginal Cost (MC)
• Using maxima, minima, increasing and decreasing functions to interpret these graphs

👉 Perfect for students aiming for Commerce, Economics, MBA, Banking, RBI, SEBI and other finance-linked government exams.

9. Linear Regression (Section C)

• Lines of regression of x on y and y on x
• Scatter diagrams
• Method of least squares
• Lines of best fit
• Regression coefficients of x on y and y on x
• Identifying regression equations
• Properties of regression lines
• Estimation of one variable using the other

10. Linear Programming (Section C)

• Introduction and terminology:
  • Constraints, objective function, optimization
• Types of linear programming problems
• Mathematical formulation of LPP
• Graphical method of solution (two variables)
• Feasible and infeasible regions (bounded and unbounded)
• Feasible, infeasible and optimal solutions
• Optimal feasible solution (up to three non-trivial constraints)

👉 Very useful for understanding optimization – a concept used widely in management, operations and planning-related government roles.

Exam Pattern and Marks Evaluation

Theory Paper (80 Marks)

• Single paper of 3 hours
• Section A (65 marks) – compulsory
• Section B/C (15 marks) – attempt either B or C

Questions are a mixed pattern of:

• Multiple choice
• Short answer (2 marks, 4 marks)
• Long answer (6 marks)

Project Work (20 Marks)

Your Paper II – Project Work (20 marks) typically includes:

• Overall format and presentation
• Content quality and depth
• Data handling, calculations (where applicable)
• Viva-voce based on your project

Taking project work seriously helps you build communication, presentation and analytical skills, which are later useful in interviews and group discussions for higher studies and jobs.

How This Syllabus Helps in Future Government Exams

If you dream of a Sarkari Naukri, this syllabus is a strong base for:

• Quantitative Aptitude – SSC, Banking, Railways, Insurance exams
• Logical and Analytical Reasoning
• Statistics & Data Interpretation – key in many exams
• Teaching Exams (future) – like TET/CTET (after graduation), where maths and pedagogy matter

Every hour you invest in mastering:

• Algebra & Functions → helps in equations and number systems
• Calculus → sharpens your logical step-by-step thinking
• Probability & Statistics → makes DI and risk-based questions easier
• Vectors & 3D → boosts spatial reasoning

So don’t see this only as “board exam syllabus” – see it as your launchpad towards future competitive exams and a secure career.

Smart Preparation Strategy for ISC Class 12 Maths

1. Start with the Official Syllabus & Specimen Paper

• Download and print the official syllabus:
  • ISC Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26 PDF
• Practice from the official specimen question paper:
  • Maths Specimen Question Paper 2026

This tells you exactly:

• Which topics are important
• What kind of questions are asked
• How marks are distributed across sections

2. Target the High-Weightage Areas First

• Calculus (32 marks)
• Probability (13 marks)
  These two together cover 45% of the theory paper.

Then focus on:

• Relations & Functions (10 marks)
• Algebra (10 marks)

3. Fix a Daily Practice Routine

• 1–2 hours of maths daily
• Mix of:
  • Concept revision
  • Solved examples
  • Previous year-style questions

You can also use ready-made practice content, model papers and exam-style PDFs from:
Download free sample papers, PDFs & exam notifications

4. Link Board Preparation with Future Govt Exams

While studying:

• Note down formulas that also appear in aptitude books
• Practice mental calculations where possible
• Time yourself when solving 1-mark and 2-mark questions

This will save you a lot of time when you start preparing for competitive exams after Class 12.

5. Revision Before the Exam

• Last 30–45 days:
  • Revise all formulas and standard results daily
  • Solve at least one mixed mock paper every 2–3 days
  • Focus on avoiding silly mistakes in calculations and sign changes

Important FAQs on ISC Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26

1. What is the exam date for ISC Class 12 Maths 2026?

The ISC Class 12 Mathematics board exam for the 2025–26 session is scheduled on 9 March 2026.

2. How many marks are there in ISC Class 12 Maths?

• Theory (Paper I): 80 marks
• Project Work (Paper II): 20 marks
  Total = 100 marks

3. Which units carry the highest weightage?

The highest weightage is in:

• Calculus – 32 marks
• Probability – 13 marks

Together they contribute 45 marks out of 80 in theory.

4. Is ISC Class 12 Maths useful for future government jobs?

Yes, definitely. Many government exams test:

• Quantitative aptitude
• Logical reasoning
• Data interpretation
• Basic statistics and probability

The ISC Class 12 Maths syllabus directly builds the core concepts required for exams like SSC, Bank, Railways, Defence, State PSCs, and later even teaching exams.

5. Where can I download the official ISC Maths Syllabus PDF?

You can download the official ISC Class 12 Mathematics syllabus PDF from the CISCE website here:

• Mathematics XII Revised Syllabus 2025-26 PDF

6. Where can I get sample papers and practice PDFs?

Along with your school resources and books, you can regularly practice from free exam-style PDFs, sample papers and notifications here:

• Download free sample papers, PDFs & exam notifications

7. How can I score 90+ in ISC Class 12 Maths?

• Focus strongly on Calculus, Probability, Algebra and Relations & Functions
• Keep a separate notebook for formulas and standard results
• Solve:
  • Official specimen paper
  • Multiple full-length mock papers
• Analyse every paper:
  • Why you lost marks
  • What type of mistakes repeat

If you stay consistent for the full year, 90+ is absolutely achievable. 🌟

ISC कक्षा 12 गणित 2025-26 – सरकारी नौकरी के सपने की मज़बूत नींव 🇮🇳

कई भारतीय विद्यार्थियों के लिए कक्षा 12 गणित सिर्फ़ एक विषय नहीं, बल्कि भविष्य की प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं और सरकारी नौकरी की पहली सीढ़ी है।

अगर आप आज ISC कक्षा 12 में हैं, हो सकता है आप ये सपने देख रहे हों:

• एक पक्की सरकारी नौकरी
• आगे चलकर SSC, बैंक, रेलवे, रक्षा, टीचिंग जैसी परीक्षाएँ क्लियर करना
• इंजीनियरिंग, सांख्यिकी, डेटा साइंस या इकोनॉमिक्स जैसी पढ़ाई करना

ऐसे में ISC Class 12 Maths Syllabus 2025-26 आपको देता है:

• मज़बूत कांसेप्ट क्लैरिटी
• Commerce और Economics से जुड़े रियल-लाइफ़ एप्लिकेशन
• वही लॉजिकल और न्यूमेरिकल बेस, जो आगे प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं में काम आता है

इसे सिर्फ़ “बोर्ड का सिलेबस” मत समझिए, बल्कि अपने करियर की तैयारी का पहला स्टेप मानिए। 💪

ISC कक्षा 12 गणित पाठ्यक्रम 2025-26 – संक्षिप्त ओवरव्यू

दो पेपर होते हैं:

• पेपर I – थ्योरी (3 घंटे): 80 अंक
• पेपर II – प्रोजेक्ट वर्क: 20 अंक

थ्योरी पेपर तीन सेक्शन में बंटा है:

• सेक्शन A – 65 अंक (अनिवार्य)
• सेक्शन B – 15 अंक (वैकल्पिक)
• सेक्शन C – 15 अंक (वैकल्पिक)

आपको सेक्शन A ज़रूर करना है, और फिर सेक्शन B या C में से किसी एक को चुनना है।

अध्याय-वार ISC कक्षा 12 गणित सिलेबस 2025-26

1. Relations and Functions (संबंध और फलन)

• Relations के प्रकार:
  • Reflexive, Symmetric, Transitive, Equivalence
• Functions:
  • One-to-one (एक-एक), Onto (सर्वग्राही), Inverse of function
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
  • परिभाषा, domain, range
  • Principal value branch
  • बेसिक गुण और समस्याएँ

👉 आगे चलकर लॉजिकल और फंक्शन-बेस्ड प्रश्नों के लिए बहुत ज़रूरी।

2. Matrices and Determinants (मैट्रिसेस और डिटरमिनेंट)

Matrices

• मैट्रिक्स की अवधारणा, order, equality
• विभिन्न प्रकार: zero, identity, symmetric, skew-symmetric आदि
• Operations:
  • Addition, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication
  • Non-commutative nature
• Inverse of matrix और उसकी uniqueness

Determinants

• 2×2 और 3×3 मैट्रिक्स के determinants
• Properties of determinants
• Minors, cofactors
• त्रिभुज का क्षेत्रफल निकालने में determinant का उपयोग
• Adjoint और inverse
• Linear equations (2–3 variables) को matrix method से हल करना

👉 Linear equations, data interpretation और quantitative aptitude के लिए मज़बूत बेस।

3. Calculus (कलन)

(a) Continuity & Differentiability

• Functions की continuity और differentiability
• Composite functions का derivative (chain rule)
• Inverse trigonometric, implicit, exponential और logarithmic functions के derivatives
• Logarithmic differentiation
• Parametric form में दिए functions के derivatives
• Second order derivatives

(b) Applications of Derivatives

• Rate of change
• Increasing/Decreasing functions
• Tangents और normals
• Maxima और minima (first derivative test, second derivative test)
• Real-life optimization problems

(c) Integrals

• Differentiation की inverse प्रक्रिया के रूप में integration
• Methods:
  • Substitution
  • Partial fractions
  • Integration by parts
• Standard integrals
• Definite integrals की properties और Fundamental Theorem का उपयोग

(d) Differential Equations

• Differential equation की परिभाषा, order, degree
• General व particular solution
• Separation of variables method
• Homogeneous first-order equations
• Linear differential equations:
  • dy/dx + py = q
  • dx/dy + px = q

👉 Higher studies और competitive exams में rates, growth, decay, optimization समझने के लिए बहुत ज़रूरी हिस्सा।

4. Probability (प्रायिकता)

• Conditional probability
• Multiplication theorem
• Independent events
• Total probability theorem
• Bayes’ theorem
• Random variable और उसकी probability distribution
• Mean (expected value)

👉 आगे SSC, बैंक, इंश्योरेंस, रेलवे, इत्यादि में आने वाले probability और statistics संबंधी प्रश्नों के लिए सीधा उपयोगी।

5. Vectors ( सेक्शन B )

• Scalars और vectors, magnitude, direction
• Direction cosines और direction ratios
• Equal, unit, zero, parallel, collinear vectors
• Position vector of a point
• Vector addition, scalar multiplication
• Line segment को किसी ratio में divide करने वाले point का position vector
• Scalar (dot) product – परिभाषा, गुण, उपयोग
• Vector (cross) product – परिभाषा, गुण, उपयोग

6. Three-Dimensional Geometry ( सेक्शन B )

• दो बिंदुओं के बीच line की direction cosines और direction ratios
• Line की Cartesian और vector equations
• Coplanar और skew lines
• दो रेखाओं के बीच shortest distance
• Plane की Cartesian और vector equations
• दो lines, दो planes और line-plane के बीच कोण
• किसी point से plane तक की दूरी

7. Applications of Integrals ( सेक्शन B )

• Simple curves और coordinate axes से घिरे क्षेत्रफल की गणना
• दो curves के बीच enclosed area

8. Application of Calculus in Commerce & Economics ( सेक्शन C )

• Cost function, average cost, marginal cost
• Demand function
• Revenue और marginal revenue
• Profit function और break-even point
• AR, MR, R, C, AC, MC curves की rough sketch
• Maxima-minima और increasing-decreasing functions की मदद से economic interpretation

👉 Commerce, Economics, MBA, Banking, RBI, SEBI आदि से जुड़े भविष्य के करियर के लिए बहुत उपयोगी।

9. Linear Regression ( सेक्शन C )

• Lines of regression of x on y और y on x
• Scatter diagram
• Least squares method
• Line of best fit
• Regression coefficients
• Regression lines के गुण
• एक variable की value दूसरी के आधार पर estimate करना

10. Linear Programming ( सेक्शन C )

• LPP की basic terminology: constraints, objective function, optimization
• विभिन्न प्रकार की LPP problems
• Mathematical formulation
• ग्राफिकल method (दो variables तक)
• Feasible/infeasible region (bounded/unbounded)
• Optimal feasible solution

परीक्षा पैटर्न और मूल्यांकन योजना

• थ्योरी पेपर: 80 अंक, 3 घंटे
• सेक्शन A: 65 अंक – सभी के लिए अनिवार्य
• सेक्शन B या C: 15 अंक – किसी एक सेक्शन का चुनाव

प्रश्नों में शामिल:

• MCQs
• Short answer (2 और 4 अंक)
• Long answer (6 अंक)

प्रोजेक्ट वर्क (20 अंक) में:

• प्रेज़ेंटेशन और फॉर्मेट
• कंटेंट क्वालिटी
• Analysis/Calculations
• Viva-voce

ISC गणित और भविष्य की सरकारी नौकरी – क्या कनेक्शन है?

अगर आपका सपना है:

• SSC, बैंक, रेलवे, रक्षा, राज्य PCS इत्यादि
• या आगे चलकर टीचिंग, प्रोफेसर, रिसर्चर बनना

तो यह सिलेबस आपको देता है:

• Quantitative aptitude का मज़बूत बेस
• Logical और analytical thinking
• Probability और statistics की clear understanding
• Graphs, data, optimization जैसी चीज़ों से familiarity

यानी बोर्ड में अच्छा प्रदर्शन = आगे competitive exams में तेज़ शुरुआत।

तैयारी की स्मार्ट रणनीति

1. सबसे पहले आधिकारिक सिलेबस और specimen पढ़ें

• सिलेबस PDF:
  • ISC कक्षा 12 गणित सिलेबस 2025-26 PDF
• Specimen question paper:
  • Maths Specimen Question Paper 2026

2. High-weightage units पर पहले फोकस करें

• Calculus – 32 अंक
• Probability – 13 अंक

फिर:

• Relations & Functions – 10 अंक
• Algebra – 10 अंक

3. रोज़ाना अभ्यास की आदत

• रोज़ कम से कम 1–2 घंटे गणित
• Concept + Examples + Questions का combo
• समय-समय पर mixed practice sets हल करें

अतिरिक्त प्रैक्टिस के लिए आप यहाँ से sample papers, PDFs और notifications ले सकते हैं:
फ्री sample papers, PDFs और exam notifications डाउनलोड करें

4. बोर्ड + प्रतियोगी परीक्षा – साथ में तैयारी

• Important formulas अलग कॉपी में लिखते जाएँ
• छोटे questions को time-bound तरीके से हल करें
• Calculation speed पर ध्यान दें – यही बाद में competitive exams में edge देगा

5. Revision प्लान

• Exam से 30–45 दिन पहले:
  • रोज़ formula revision
  • 2–3 दिन में एक full-length mock या model paper
  • हर पेपर के बाद analysis: कहाँ गलती हुई, कैसे सुधार सकते हैं

अगर आप सालभर consistency रखते हैं तो 90+ अंक हासिल करना पूरी तरह possible है। 🌟

महत्वपूर्ण FAQs – ISC कक्षा 12 गणित 2025-26

1. ISC कक्षा 12 गणित की परीक्षा कब होगी?

ISC कक्षा 12 गणित बोर्ड परीक्षा (2025–26 सत्र) की तिथि 9 मार्च 2026 निर्धारित है।

2. कुल कितने अंक का पेपर होता है?

• थ्योरी पेपर: 80 अंक
• प्रोजेक्ट वर्क: 20 अंक
  कुल = 100 अंक

3. सबसे ज़्यादा वेटेज किस यूनिट का है?

• Calculus – 32 अंक
• Probability – 13 अंक

यानी कुल 45 अंक सिर्फ़ इन दो units से आते हैं।

4. क्या यह सिलेबस भविष्य की सरकारी नौकरी की तैयारी में मदद करता है?

हाँ, बिल्कुल। यह सिलेबस:

• Quantitative aptitude
• Logical reasoning
• Probability & statistics
• Data interpretation

जैसे topics में आपकी strong groundwork बनाता है, जो आगे आने वाली SSC, बैंक, रेलवे, रक्षा और अन्य सरकारी परीक्षाओं में सीधा काम आता है।

5. आधिकारिक सिलेबस PDF कहाँ से डाउनलोड करें?

आप CISCE की आधिकारिक वेबसाइट से सिलेबस PDF डाउनलोड कर सकते हैं:

• ISC कक्षा 12 गणित सिलेबस 2025-26 (Official PDF)

6. Sample papers और practice PDFs कहाँ मिलेंगे?

आपको तैयार practice sets, sample papers और exam-style PDFs यहाँ मिल सकते हैं:

• फ्री sample papers, PDFs और exam notifications डाउनलोड करें

7. ISC गणित में 90+ स्कोर कैसे करें?

• High-weightage chapters पर मजबूत पकड़ बनाइए
• Formulas और important results दोहराते रहिए
• Specimen + मॉडल पेपर + Mock tests हल कीजिए
• हर गलती से सीखिए, दोबारा वही गलती न दोहराएँ

सही रणनीति और नियमित अभ्यास के साथ, 90+ सिर्फ़ सपना नहीं, एक achievable target है। ✨